When must a counselor breach confidentiality regarding a minor client?

• A. When the client wishes to end therapy
• B. When there is a risk of harm to themselves or others
• C. When requested by the client’s school
• D. When the client changes their therapist

Answer: (B)

Breach of confidentiality regarding a minor client is mandated when there is a risk of harm to themselves or others. This principle is rooted in the ethical obligation of counselors to ensure safety and welfare. If a counselor becomes aware that a minor may be at risk of self-harm, suicidal ideation, or poses a danger to others, they have a duty to report this information, even if it means breaching confidentiality. This duty is often established by state laws and ethical guidelines, designed to protect vulnerable individuals and prevent potential tragedies.

The other options do not meet the criteria for breaching confidentiality. For instance, when a client wishes to end therapy, it does not constitute a reason to disclose confidential information. The client's right to confidentiality remains intact unless there is an immediate concern for safety. Similarly, a request from the client's school does not automatically justify a breach; the counselor must first assess whether there is a risk that would necessitate disclosure. Lastly, if a client changes their therapist, confidentiality still holds as the therapeutic relationship is personal and does not warrant the release of information without appropriate consent, unless there are safety concerns involved.