Under what circumstances can a therapist deny a patient access to their own protected health information (PHI)?

• A. When the patient requests it verbally
• B. When access is likely to endanger the patient's life or safety
• C. When the therapist deems it unnecessary
• D. When the PHI is outdated

Answer: (B)

A therapist may deny a patient access to their own protected health information (PHI) when accessing that information is likely to endanger the patient's life or safety. This provision is grounded in the recognition that there are instances where knowledge of certain details in their medical records could potentially cause harm to the patient, such as triggering a severe emotional response or worsening a mental health condition. This consideration reflects a balance between patients’ rights to access their information and the obligation to protect them from harm.

In contrast to this correct answer, the other scenarios do not justify the denial of access to PHI. A verbal request for information does not detract from a patient's right to access their records; the format of the request is generally not a factor. Additionally, the subjective judgment of whether access might be deemed unnecessary cannot obscure a patient’s rights as outlined under privacy laws. Finally, the age or condition of the PHI is not a valid reason for denial; patients should retain access to their records irrespective of whether the information is current or outdated. Thus, the only valid reason among the options given for denying access is concerns about the patient’s safety or well-being.